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What this topic covers
- a. Home Trade
- (i) Retail trade:
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- Types of retail trade
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- Functions of retailers
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- Factors to be considered in setting up retail trade
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- Trends in retailing (branding, self - service, vending machines, the use of luncheon, fuel vouchers, etc)
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- Advantages and disadvantages of retailers
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- Reasons for success/failure of retail trade
- (ii) Wholesale trade:
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- Types of wholesalers (merchant, agent, general, etc)
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- Channels of distribution
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- Functions of wholesalers
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- Advantages and disadvantages of wholesalers
- b. Foreign trade
- (i) Types of foreign trade
- (ii) Basic issues in foreign trade (balance of trade, balance of payments and counter trade)
- (iii) Procedures and documents used in export, import and entrepôt trade
- (iv) Barriers to international trade
- (v) Tariffs and reasons for the imposition
- (vi) Tools for trade restriction and export promotion
- (vii) Role of Customs and Excise Authority,
- Ports Authority, etc. in foreign trade
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Source: official JAMB UTME Commerce syllabus (IBASS, jamb.gov.ng). Reproduced for study use. Last checked: 17 Sept 2026.