Structure of Matter and Kinetic Theory

Contents & notes: what this topic covers

Under Structure of Matter and Kinetic Theory, the JAMB Physics syllabus expects you to study:

• 18. Structure of Matter and Kinetic Theory
• (a) Molecular nature of matter
• (i) atoms and molecules;
• (ii) molecular theory: explanation of Brownian motion, diffusion, surface tension, capillarity adhesion, cohesion and angles of contact e.tc;
• law of definite proportion;
• (iii) examples and applications.
• (b) Kinetic Theory
• (i) assumptions of the kinetic theory
• (ii) using the theory to explain the pressure exerted by gas, Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, melting, boiling, vapourization, change in temperature, evaporation, etc.

Study notes & guidance

Study Structure of Matter and Kinetic Theory using a recommended Physics textbook that follows the JAMB syllabus. Work through the contents listed above one by one, make brief notes in your own words, and then practise as many questions on this topic as you can — in Physics, understanding and steady practice matter far more than memorising. Use the objectives below as a checklist: if you can do each one confidently, you have mastered this topic.

Objectives — candidates should be able to

After studying Structure of Matter and Kinetic Theory, you should be able to:

1. Differentiate between atoms and molecules;
2. Use molecular theory to explain , Brownian motion, diffusion, surface, tension, capillarity, adhesion, cohesion and angle of contact;
3. Examine the assumptions of kinetic theory;
4. Interpret kinetic theory, the pressure exerted by gases, Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, melting, boiling, vaporization, change in temperature, evaporation, etc.

These objectives are from the official JAMB syllabus. Use them as a checklist — if you can do each one confidently, you have mastered this topic.

Source: official JAMB UTME Physics syllabus (IBASS, jamb.gov.ng). Reproduced for study use. Last checked: 17 Sept 2026. Always confirm the current syllabus on the official portal.