Optometry

Optometry is primary eye and vision care — examining eyes, diagnosing vision and eye problems, and managing eye health. After six years plus internship, you are licensed as an optometrist. Here is what it involves and how to get in.

Course at a glance

Degree awardedDoctor of Optometry (OD)
Duration6 years, then an internship and 1 year of NYSC
Faculty / collegeFaculty of Optometry / Health Sciences
Regulatory bodyOptometrists and Dispensing Opticians Registration Board of Nigeria (ODORBN)
Professional bodyNigerian Optometric Association (NOA)
UTME subjectsUse of English, Biology, Chemistry, Physics
CompetitivenessCompetitive

What Optometry is about

Optometry is the primary eye-care profession: examining eyes, testing vision, detecting and managing eye conditions, and prescribing and dispensing corrective lenses. Optometrists are often the first professionals to detect eye disease and some general health conditions through the eyes.

A brief history of the discipline

Optometry grew from spectacle-making and opticianry into a full clinical profession. In Nigeria it is now a six-year doctoral programme awarding the Doctor of Optometry (OD), regulated by the ODORBN.

What you will study

Core areas include ocular anatomy and physiology, optics and visual science, clinical optometry, ophthalmic dispensing, ocular disease and low-vision care — with extensive clinical postings.

Why study Optometry & who it suits

Optometry suits students interested in health, precision work and patient care, comfortable with the sciences. Strong Biology and Physics (for optics) help.

Careers & where graduates work

Optometrists work in private practice, hospitals and eye clinics, community eye-health programmes, and the optical industry, and can specialise in areas such as paediatric optometry or low vision, or move into academia.

Licensing, professional bodies & further study

OD degree (6 years) → internship → registration with the ODORBNNYSC → practice.

How to get in: Optometry UTME requirements

The JAMB UTME combination is Use of English, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, with five O’Level credits in English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry and Physics.

Full admission details: see the complete Optometry subject combination, cut-off & O’Level guide, or confirm any course with our subject combination checker.

Practise the UTME subjects free

Prepare with free official-syllabus notes and timed CBT practice for your UTME subjects:

Ready to practise? Take a free mock exam or focused CBT practice with worked explanations.

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Frequently asked questions

How long is Optometry in Nigeria?

The Doctor of Optometry (OD) takes 6 years, followed by an internship and one year of NYSC.

What degree do you get from Optometry?

The Doctor of Optometry (OD). After internship and ODORBN registration you practise as an optometrist.

What are the JAMB subjects for Optometry?

Use of English, Biology, Chemistry and Physics, with O'Level credits in English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry and Physics.

Is an optometrist the same as an ophthalmologist?

No. Optometrists provide primary eye and vision care; ophthalmologists are medical doctors who specialise in eye surgery and disease after studying Medicine.

Where do optometrists work?

Private practice, hospitals and eye clinics, community eye health and the optical industry.

Sources: Programme structure and licensing summarised from Nigerian faculties of optometry, the NUC and the ODORBN; admission requirements from the official JAMB UTME brochure. Last checked: 22 Sept 2026. Belmadeng is an independent study platform and is not affiliated with JAMB, the NUC or any professional body. Programme structure, duration and requirements vary by university — always confirm details with your chosen institution and the official JAMB brochure.